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客(ke)土(tu)(tu)噴(pen)(pen)播（又(you)稱液力客(ke)土(tu)(tu)噴(pen)(pen)播噴(pen)(pen)播或基質噴(pen)(pen)播），是(shi)近十多年國內推廣的快(kuai)速(su)植(zhi)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)子播種(zhong)(zhong)技(ji)(ji)術，主要用于公(gong)路(lu)、鐵路(lu)、江河堤壩的生物(wu)護(hu)坡(po)工(gong)程和退化草(cao)原修復種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)。其技(ji)(ji)術核心(xin)是(shi)利用專門的混合(he)噴(pen)(pen)射機(ji)械(xie)，將(jiang)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)基質和植(zhi)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)子攪拌混合(he)均勻，加水加壓，通過管路(lu)、噴(pen)(pen)槍，噴(pen)(pen)敷在土(tu)(tu)壤、土(tu)(tu)夾(jia)石或掛網處理的巖石表面，形(xing)成松軟而穩定的植(zhi)生覆蓋層，在適(shi)宜的條(tiao)件(jian)下草(cao)、灌種(zhong)(zhong)子便會很(hen)快(kuai)萌芽和生長，達到(dao)快(kuai)速(su)綠化、防止水土(tu)(tu)客(ke)土(tu)(tu)噴(pen)(pen)播流(liu)失的功效。

保(bao)(bao)水(shui)(shui)劑是(shi)客土(tu)噴(pen)(pen)播基質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中的(de)重(zhong)要保(bao)(bao)水(shui)(shui)材料，缺少(shao)它，基質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)噴(pen)(pen)播的(de)綠化效果就難以(yi)達到。一般用量為(wei)每立方(fang)米基質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)加(jia)入(ru)1.5kg保(bao)(bao)水(shui)(shui)劑。此外，每立方(fang)米噴(pen)(pen)播基質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)還需加(jia)入(ru)0.2kg的(de)粘合(he)劑（陰離子聚丙烯酰胺PAM A30），發揮(hui)粘結(jie)土(tu)粒、防止水(shui)(shui)土(tu)流失的(de)作用，故又(you)稱(cheng)其為(wei)粘合(he)劑、膠粉(fen)。

掛網噴播

掛網客土噴(pen)(pen)播(bo)是(shi)采用(yong)高強度(du)耐(nai)腐蝕的土工(gong)網錨(mao)固(gu)，主(zhu)鉚(liu)釘(ding)(ding)按縱橫向(xiang)間距5米控制，輔助釘(ding)(ding)按縱橫向(xiang)間距1米控制，即每相鄰(lin)兩(liang)(liang)主(zhu)鉚(liu)釘(ding)(ding)間有4根(gen)(gen)輔助釘(ding)(ding)。掛網施(shi)工(gong)之前(qian)，坡面必需(xu)整平；如坡面穩定性差，可適(shi)當加(jia)密主(zhu)鉚(liu)釘(ding)(ding)。施(shi)工(gong)時，先(xian)在巖石坡面上打鉚(liu)釘(ding)(ding)將高鍍鋅機編(bian)網固(gu)定，然后(hou)在網上先(xian)后(hou)噴(pen)(pen)上相應厚(hou)度(du)的種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)基(ji)質(zhi)。噴(pen)(pen)植(zhi)(zhi)厚(hou)度(du)根(gen)(gen)據(ju)地質(zhi)、巖石土壤情況確定。強風化坡面基(ji)質(zhi)厚(hou)7cm，弱～微風化坡面基(ji)質(zhi)厚(hou)10cm。噴(pen)(pen)播(bo)時分兩(liang)(liang)層噴(pen)(pen)射，在上層基(ji)質(zhi)加(jia)入(ru)種(zhong)子(zi)，厚(hou)度(du)為2cm。

三維網噴播客(ke)土噴播

三維土(tu)(tu)工(gong)網(wang)墊是由二層以上塑料凹(ao)凸(tu)網(wang)與二層以上高(gao)強(qiang)度(du)平網(wang)復(fu)合而成的網(wang)狀(zhuang)結(jie)構，適用(yong)于水土(tu)(tu)保(bao)持坡(po)面(mian)(mian)防護植草用(yong)。通常(chang)要求(qiu)規格為：單位面(mian)(mian)積質量≥250g/m2，鼓包厚度(du)≥10mm，寬度(du)≥2.0m，拉伸(shen)負荷≥1.2kn/m。土(tu)(tu)工(gong)網(wang)播草籽施工(gong)方案：先(xian)整平邊坡(po)，在坡(po)頂(ding)及坡(po)角(jiao)處分別開挖寬20cm、深30cm的溝(gou)槽，將土(tu)(tu)工(gong)網(wang)鋪設(she)于溝(gou)內，用(yong)方木樁固定(ding)(ding)并填土(tu)(tu)夯(hang)實，再(zai)從(cong)坡(po)頂(ding)自上而下(xia)鋪設(she)土(tu)(tu)工(gong)網(wang)，其(qi)縱橫(heng)向(xiang)搭接(jie)長度(du)20cm，搭接(jie)部位每(mei)間(jian)隔100cm用(yong)U型鋼釘固定(ding)(ding)，待土(tu)(tu)工(gong)網(wang)鋪設(she)完(wan)畢再(zai)播草籽。

無(wu)論(lun)哪(na)種(zhong)噴(pen)播方式，播種(zhong)后應及時加蓋無(wu)紡布(bu)，并用(yong)U型釘(ding)固定。以后，噴(pen)水養護，保持基質層濕潤，直(zhi)至土面成坪，揭除無(wu)紡布(bu)，進入維護管養階段。